Drawing as an Expressive Activity: The Theoretical Foundation and Application in Psychology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22046/LA.2020.04Keywords:
Drawing, Flexibility, Cultural Constraints, Neurological RestrictionsAbstract
Through this article, we will address the activity of drawing as an expressive activity that refers to the emotional, cognitive and kinetic dimensions, through the presentation of the most important theories that were performed by the pioneers, which marked the beginning of new perceptions that went beyond the classical view that is a universal activity. Besides, we target to highlight that drawing is governed by cultural and neurological constraints, as well as by other variables such as age and sex. The most important conclusions are: the expression by painting is governed by universal requirements, influenced by cultural peculiarities, as well as age and gender variables. Hence, its adoption in clinical or educational practice must be very careful and based on drawing studies according to the cultural context.References
Adams, F. & Osgood, CH.A. (1973). Across-cultural study of the affective meanings of color. Journal of cultural psychology. [136].
Albaret, J.M. (2004). Le développement du dessin, des praxies constructives et de l’écriture. In book : l’état des connaissances. Livret 5 : Fonction non-verbales (16-20). Paris : Signes éditions, Publisher : Catherine Billard, Olivier Revol.
Al-Hanidi Menal Abdulfatah (2008). rusum al-atfāl-nazarat tahliliyat. 1st Edition, Cairo: The World of Books.
Baldy, R. (2005). Dessin et Développement cognitif. https://www.cairn.info/revue-enfance1-2005-1-page-3
Baldy, R. (2011). L’évolution du dessin chez l’enfant : http://lemuz.org/etude/rene-baldy-presente-levolution-du-bonhomme-chez-lenfant-2/
Baldy, R. (2009). «Dessine-moi un bonhomme». Universaux et variantes culturelles. Revue d'anthropologie et d'histoire des arts.9: Art de l'enfance, enfance de l'art. p.132-151. https://doi.org/10.4000/gradhiva.1432
Bouaziz, S. (2004). Perception, représentation et planification de l’action dans l’organisation syntaxique de l’exécution de dessins complexes. Thèse de doctorat en psychologie cognitive Université Lumière Lyon 2. Institut de psychologie.
Brittain, W.L. & Chien, W.CH. (1983). Relationship between preschool children's ability t o name body parts and their ability to construct a man. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57, 19-24.
Burkitt, E. Barrett. M. & Davis. A. (2009). Effects of different emotion terms on the size and colour of children’s drawings. International Journal of Art Therapy. 14(2): 74-84.
Burkitt, E. Martyn Barrett, M. & Alyson Davis, A.(2003) The effect of affective characterizations on the size of children’s drawings. British Journal of Developmental Psychology .21, 565–584.
Caldairou-Bessette, P. ; Zenetzis, C. & Krymko-Bleton, I. (2017). Le culturel dans le dessin d’enfant: de l’adaptation de l’interprétation à une phénoménologie de la culture. L’autre, cliniques, cultures et sociétés, volume 18, n°3, pp. 326-339.
Cohn, N. (2012). Explaining ‘I Can’t Draw’: Parallels between the Structure and Development of language and Drawings. Human Development: 55:167-192. DOI: 10.1159/000341842.
Corman, L. (1961). Le test du dessin de la famille. Paris : PUF.
Cox, M.V., Koyasu, M. Hiranuma, H. & Perara, J. (2001). Children’s human figure drawings in the UK and Japan: The effects of age, sex and culture. British Journal of Developmental Psychology.19 275–292. Ffhal-01772613ff - https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01772613 Submitted on 25 Apr 2018.
Dolbecq, J. & Billaud, E. (2005). Le dessin d’enfant. https://www.psychaanalyse.com/pdf/enfant_dessin_licence3.pdf
Fava, M. (2014). Understanding drawing: cognitive account of observational process. A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16404
Gernhardt, A. Rübeling, H. & Keller, H. (2015). Cultural perspectives on children’s tadpole drawings: at the interface between representation and Production .Frontiers in Psychology. 6:812. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00812. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00812.
Heller, W. (1991). Hemispatial Biases in Children on the Draw-A-Person Test. Developmental neuropsychology, 1991, 7(2), 151-160.
Ives, S.W. (1984). The development of expressivity in drawing. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 152-159.
Jolley, R.P, Fenn, K & Jones, L (2004). The development of children’s expressive drawing. British Journal of Developmental Psychology .22, 545–567
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1990). Constraint on representational change: Evidence from children’s drawing. Cognition, 34 .57-83. doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(90)90031-E.
Kebbe, H & Vinter, A. (2012). How Culture, Age, and Manual Dominance Affect Directionality in Drawing Side. View Objects. Journal of cross-culture Psychology. XX(X). I-13.
Lerçat, L.(1983).Le graphisme et l'écriture chez l'enfant. Revue française de pédagogie, 65pp. 7-18 .https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfp_0556-7807_1983_num_65_1_1598
Nelson, T.M., Allan. D.K. & Nelson, J. (1971). Cultural Differences in the use of Color in Northwest Canada. International Journal of Psychology. Journal International de Psychologie. Vol. 6, NO4, 283-292. doi.org/10.1080/00207597108246694
Picard, D. & Boulhais, M. (2011). Sex difference in expressive drawing. Personality and Individual Differences. (51).850-855.isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/72128.pdf
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.017.
Picard, D. & Vinter, A. (2005). Activité du dessin et flexibilité Représentationnelle. Enfance.1, Vol.57.p24.33. http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=ENF&ID_NUMPUBLIE=ENF_571&ID_ARTICLE=ENF_571_0024.
Picard, D. & Zarhbouch, B. (2014a). Le dessin comme langage graphique. Fès : Approches-Revue des sciences humaines : 28-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260
Picard, D. & Zarhbouch, B. (2014b): Leftward spatial bias in children's drawing placement: Hemispheric activation versus directional hypotheses, Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 1 (vol. 19), 96-112. (Published online: 12 Nov 2013). DOI: 10.1080/1357650X.2013.777072
Picard, D. (2002). Développement De la flexibilité Des Systèmes Représentationnels Et Procéduraux Chez L’enfant : une approche Au Travers du Dessin. Diffusion Septentrion. Presses Universitaires.
Picard, D. (2013). La recherche sur le dessin: quelles questions se pose ton actuellement en psychologie ? De Boeck Supérieur « Développements »/3 n° 16-17, 83 à 93.
Picard, D. (2016). Conduites graphomotrices de dessin chez L’Enfant : Le “quoi “ et le “comment”.58 (53-66).
Picard, D. Lebaz, S. (2010). Symbolic Use of Size and Color in Freehand Drawing of the Tree: Myth or Reality? Journal of Personality Assessment.92 (2).186.188
Picard, D., & Baldy, R. (2012). Le dessin de l'enfant et son usage dans la pratique psychologique. Développements, (1), 45-60.
Picard, D., Zarhbouch, B., Troadec, B., Suarez, M., & Lebaz, S. (2013). Usage de la taille et des couleurs dans le dessin expressif de l’arbre produit par des enfants marocains et français. Recherches Cognitives, 2, 49-76
Reith. E. (1997). Quand les psychologues étudient le dessin. Mei « Méditation et information ».N°7.mei-info.com/wp-content/uploads/revue7/ilovepdfcom_ split.
Royer, J. (2011). Dessin Du Bonhomme : La personnalité de l’enfant dans tous ses états. Les éditions du journal des psychologues. Martin Média.
Zarhbouch, B. & Picard, D. (2012) Dessin d’un arbre à gauche de la page: Spécificité neuronale ou effet de la directionalité du script? Colloque International: La neuropsychologie: états et perspectives. pp.27-29.
Zarhbouch, B., Troadec, B. (2006). The effect of the direction of the reading and writing of the language on the spacialized representation of the notion of time, Journal of Arab Children, Vol. 7 No. 27, 19-34.
Zarhbouch, B., Troadec, B. (2009). The Role of the Linguistic Competence and the Cultural Context of the Representation of Time Among Moroccan and French Children, Journal of Arab Children, Vol. 10 No. 40, 31-63.
Zarhbouch, B., Troadec, B., Bouanani, M. & Picard, D. (2015). Use of height and Color in the Tree Drawing to Express Happiness and Sadness, Journal of Arab Children, Vol. 16 No. 63, 9-31.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Benaissa Zarhbouch, Abdelaziz Lamkaddem, Zouhayr Souirti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.