English Engagement Markers: A Comparison of Humanities and Science Journal Articles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22046/LA.2017.06Ключевые слова:
Engagement Markers, Humanities, Science, Research Articles.Аннотация
Engagement markers (hereafter, EMs) are crucial interpersonal devices to interact with readers through texts. However, little is known about the differences of EMs use in Humanities and Science journal research articles (hereafter, RAs), as well as the changes in markers use over the passage of time. The present study provides a quantitative and contrastive analysis based on two corpora consisting of four disciplines of Humanities RAs (Psychology, Sociology, Economics and Law) and four disciplines of science RAs (Mathematics, Geology, Physics and Biology). Sixteen articles from each discipline were selected randomly from a pool of journal RAs. All sections of the articles were scrutinized for the purpose of the study. The obtained results indicate that Humanities RAs make use of more EMs than Science RAs. Also, the findings of this study suggest that directives are used more than other markers both in Humanities and Science RAs. Regarding the use of EMs in the decades of 1990s and 2000s, a significant increase in the use of EMs was observed with the passage of time, both in Humanities and Science RAs.
Библиографические ссылки
Ädel, A. (2006). Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: four essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Translated by Emerson, C. and Holquist, M. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
Crismore, A. (1984). The case for a rhetorical perspective on learning from texts: Exploring metadiscourse. Champaign: Illinois University, Center for the Study of Reading.
Crismore, A. (1989). Talking with readers: metadiscourse as rhetorical act. New York: Peter Lang.
Dafouz-Milne, E. (2008). The pragmatic role of textual and interpersonal metadiscourse markers in the construction and attainment of persuasion: a cross-linguistic study of newspaper discourse. Journal of Pragmatics. 40(1): pp. 95-113.
Elbow, P. (1994). Landmark Essays on Voice and Writing. Davis, CA: Hermagoras Press.
Fuertes-Olivera., P., Velasco-Sacristán, M., Arribas-Baño., A., & Samaniego-Fernández, E. (2001). Persuasion and advertising English: metadiscourse in slogans and headlines. Journal of Pragmatics, 33(8): pp. 1291-1307.
Grabe, W., & Kaplan. R. (1996). Theory and practice of writing. Harlow: Longman.
Halliday, M. (1973). Explorations in the functions of language. London: Edward Arnold.
Harris, Z. (1959). Linguistic transformations for information retrieval. Structural and Transformational Linguistics, Dordrecht, pp. 458-471.
Hyland, K. (1998). Persuasion and context: the pragmatics of academic metadiscourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 30, pp. 437-455.
Hyland, K. (1999). Talking to students: Metadiscourse in introductory course books. English for Specific Purposes, 18(1): pp. 3–26.
Hyland, K. (2000). Disciplinary discourses: social interactions in academic writing. London: Longman.
Hyland, K. (2001). Bringing in the reader: addressee features in academic writing. Written Communication, 18(4): pp. 549-574.
Hyland, K. (2002a). Directives: argument and engagement in academic writing. Applied Linguistics, 23(3): pp.215-239.
Hyland, K. (2002b). What do they mean? Questions in academic writing. Text, 22(4): pp. 529-557.
Hyland, K. (2002c). Authority and invisibility: authorial identity in academic writing. Journal of Pragmatics, 34, pp. 1091-1112.
Hyland, K. (2004). A convincing argument: corpus analysis and academic persuasion. In Discourse in the professions. Perspectives from corpus linguistics, edited by U. Connor and T. A. Upton. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 87-112.
Hyland, K. (2005a). Metadiscourse: exploring interaction in writing. London: Continuum.
Hyland, K. (2005b). Stance and engagement: a model of interaction in academic discourse. Discourse Studies, 7(2): pp. 173-192.
Hyland, K. (2008). Applying a gloss: Exemplifying and reformulating in academic discourse. Applied Linguistics, 28(2): pp. 266-285.
Hyland, K., & Tse, P. (2004). Metadiscourse in academic writing: a reappraisal. Applied Linguistics, 25(2): pp. 156-177.
Johns, A. (1996). Text, Role and Context. Developing Academic Literacies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kirsch, G., & Roen, D. (1990). A Sense of Audience in Written Communication. London and Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Martin, J. & White, P. (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. London/New York: Palgrave/Macmillan.
Myers, G. (1989). The Pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles. Applied Linguistics. 10.1: pp.1–35.
Nystrand, M. (1986). The structure of written communication: studies in reciprocity between writers and readers. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.
Nystrand, M. (1999). A social-interactive model of writing. Written Communication, 6(1): pp. 66–85.
Preacher, K. (2001). Calculation for the Chi-square test: an interactive calculation tool for Chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence [Computer software]. Retrieved from: http://quantpsy.org
Rommetveit, R. (1974). On message structure: a framework for the study of language and communication. London: Wiley.
Rommetveit, R. (1992). Outline of a dialogically based social-cognitive approach to humancognition and communication. In A. H. Wold (Ed.), The Dialogic Alternative: Towards a Theory of Language and Mind. Oslo: Scandanavian University Press.
Swales, J., Ahmad, U., Chang, Y., Chavez, D., Dressen, D., and Seymour, R. (1998). Consider this: the role of imperatives in scholarly writing. Applied Linguistics, 19(1): pp. 97-121.
Thetela, P. (1997). Evaluated Entities and Parameters of Value in Academic Research Articles. English for Specific Purposes 16(2): pp. 101-18.
Thompson, G. (2001). Interaction in academic writing: learning to agree with the reader. Applied Linguistics, 22(1): pp. 58–78.
Vande, K., & William J. (1985). Some Exploratory Discourse on Metadiscourse. College Composition and Communication, 36(1), pp.82-93.
Vande, K., & William, J. (1997). Refining and applying views of metadiscourse. Paper presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Widdowson, H. (1984). The description in scientific language. In H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), Explorations in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 57–61.
Williams, J. (1981). Style: ten lessons in clarity and grace (5th Ed.). Boston: Scott, Foresman.
